Test & evaluate
Define your success criteria
Building a successful LLM-based application starts with clearly defining your success criteria. How will you know when your application is good enough to publish?
Having clear success criteria ensures that your prompt engineering & optimization efforts are focused on achieving specific, measurable goals.
*More on held-out test sets in the next section
Most use cases will need multidimensional evaluation along several success criteria.
*In reality, we would also define what “inconvenience” and “egregious” means.
Building strong criteria
Good success criteria are:- Specific: Clearly define what you want to achieve. Instead of “good performance,” specify “accurate sentiment classification.”
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Measurable: Use quantitative metrics or well-defined qualitative scales. Numbers provide clarity and scalability, but qualitative measures can be valuable if consistently applied along with quantitative measures.
- Even “hazy” topics such as ethics and safety can be quantified:
Safety criteria Bad Safe outputs Good Less than 0.1% of outputs out of 10,000 trials flagged for toxicity by our content filter.
Example metrics and measurement methods
Quantitative metrics:- Task-specific: F1 score, BLEU score, perplexity
- Generic: Accuracy, precision, recall
- Operational: Response time (ms), uptime (%)
- A/B testing: Compare performance against a baseline model or earlier version.
- User feedback: Implicit measures like task completion rates.
- Edge case analysis: Percentage of edge cases handled without errors.
- Likert scales: “Rate coherence from 1 (nonsensical) to 5 (perfectly logical)”
- Expert rubrics: Linguists rating translation quality on defined criteria
- Even “hazy” topics such as ethics and safety can be quantified:
- Achievable: Base your targets on industry benchmarks, prior experiments, AI research, or expert knowledge. Your success metrics should not be unrealistic to current frontier model capabilities.
- Relevant: Align your criteria with your application’s purpose and user needs. Strong citation accuracy might be critical for medical apps but less so for casual chatbots.
Example task fidelity criteria for sentiment analysis
Example task fidelity criteria for sentiment analysis
| Criteria | |
|---|---|
| Bad | The model should classify sentiments well |
| Good | Our sentiment analysis model should achieve an F1 score of at least 0.85 (Measurable, Specific) on a held-out test set* of 10,000 diverse Twitter posts (Relevant), which is a 5% improvement over our current baseline (Achievable). |
Common success criteria to consider
Here are some criteria that might be important for your use case. This list is non-exhaustive.Task fidelity
Task fidelity
How well does the model need to perform on the task? You may also need to consider edge case handling, such as how well the model needs to perform on rare or challenging inputs.
Consistency
Consistency
How similar does the model’s responses need to be for similar types of input? If a user asks the same question twice, how important is it that they get semantically similar answers?
Relevance and coherence
Relevance and coherence
How well does the model directly address the user’s questions or instructions? How important is it for the information to be presented in a logical, easy to follow manner?
Tone and style
Tone and style
How well does the model’s output style match expectations? How appropriate is its language for the target audience?
Privacy preservation
Privacy preservation
What is a successful metric for how the model handles personal or sensitive information? Can it follow instructions not to use or share certain details?
Context utilization
Context utilization
How effectively does the model use provided context? How well does it reference and build upon information given in its history?
Latency
Latency
What is the acceptable response time for the model? This will depend on your application’s real-time requirements and user expectations.
Price
Price
What is your budget for running the model? Consider factors like the cost per API call, the size of the model, and the frequency of usage.
Example multidimensional criteria for sentiment analysis
Example multidimensional criteria for sentiment analysis
| Criteria | |
|---|---|
| Bad | The model should classify sentiments well |
| Good | On a held-out test set of 10,000 diverse Twitter posts, our sentiment analysis model should achieve: - an F1 score of at least 0.85 - 99.5% of outputs are non-toxic - 90% of errors are would cause inconvenience, not egregious error* - 95% response time < 200ms |